Sevastopol Forts and Batteries from the sea.

 

 

Fort Konstantin and Fort Mihail (on the right) .

Fort Mihail.

The battery № 4.

The battery № 8 wos situated on this plase.

The Alexzandr battery  was situated on this plase.

The Pavel battery  was situated on this plase.

The Nikolay battery  was situated on this plase.

The coast al defence of Sevastopol .

 

According to Totleben the coast al defence of Sevastopol was organized the following way:

       In 1852 Sevastopol was fortified from the sea by 8 batteries.

There were five batteries on the Southern Side: the battery No.10, Fort Alexander , battery No.8 and bastion No.7, as well as Forts Nicholas and Pavel. And there were three batteries on the Northern Side: Fort Constantine , Fort Michael and battery No.4.

The battery No.10 was to protect the entrance of the main Sevastopol harbour and the Quarantine Bay .

Fort Alexander defended the entrance and the front part of the roadstead.

Battery No.8 and bastion No.7 defended the entrance to the roadstead and rear of battery No.10 and Fort Alexander .

Fort Nicholas was to protect harbour against ships forcing an entrance into the roadstead and for flank fire.

Fort Pavel defended front part of the roadstead and entrance to the Southern Bay, fired across the roadstead and part of the Southern Bay.

Fort Constantine (together with Fort Alexander composed the first line of the roadstead batteries). It was to defend the entrance and the approaches to the roadstead, as well as rear part of it. Together with Fort Alexander and battery No.10 composed strong cross- defence of the entrance area of water.

Fort Michael was to fire against ships forcing an entrance into the roadstead, for flank fire of the front part of the roadstead.

Battery No.4 defended the entrance to the Southern Bay.

As a rule, coastal batteries had three tiers. There were also dwelling rooms there. 

 Casemates were 12 -14 feet high and 15 ½ -17 ½ feet wide, every equipped with one cannon.

Defensive wall was 5 ½ - 6 feet thick.

All stone batteries were built of limestone extracted in the Sevastopol surroundings. Defensive wall was 5 ½  - 6 feet thick.

There was an artificial mound 3- 6 feet thick above the 3-feet ceiling. 

The Army and Navel Command of Russia were afraid that the Allied Fleet would break through to the inner roadstead of Sevastopol Bay . 

That is why the defensives of the roadstead were strengthened.

According to that period tactics, as much as possible guns of middle caliber were installed at the coastal batteries to fire the biggest mass of cast-iron per minute.  3-pood heavy guns were set up at the inner batteries to fire point-blank enemy's ships broken through into the harbour.

In January 1854 three new batteries were built in the heart of the Sevastopol Bay : Twelve Apostles - with 20 guns, Parizhskaya - with 22 guns and  Svyatoslavskaya - with 17 guns. The guns were taken off from the ship СThree IerarhsТ placed in the dock.

By May 13, 1854 three more batteries were equipped: No.11 Mortar 50 meters to the east, No.12 KartashevskyТs Battery and No.13 VolokhovТs Tower.

By the day of the landing of the Allied forces the coastal batteries had the following armament. Table 1.

 

 

 

Names of the batteries

cannon

edinorog

carronada

(pound)

 

mortar

 

Total

1 pood

½ pood

68

36

18

12

5

pood

3

pood

6 pound

Bomb.-.3pood.

36-pound

30- pound

24- pound

18- pound

12- pound

L

S

L

S

Battery No.10

2

29

-

-

-

-

12

-

9

-

-

-

-

-

6

-

-

58

Fort Alexander

2

11

-

16

4

-

19

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

4

-

-

56

Fort Constantine

-

-

-

50

-

-

34

-

4

-

-

-

-

1

6

-

2

97

KartashevskyТs Battery  

 -

1

-

-

-

-

3

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

VolokhovТs Tower

-

8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

10

Battery No. 8 with bastion No.7

2

9

-

22

-

4

11

-

4

-

-

-

-

-

10

-

-

62

Fort Michael

8

16

-

12

 

-

28

-

13

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

77

Forts Nicholas

10

-

-

63

-

-

32

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

105

Battery No. 4

-

-

16

15

4

-

9

-

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

47

Fort Pavel

4

-

4

-

11

-

-

15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

34

12 Apostles Battery

-

18

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

20

Parizhskaia Battery

-

17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

2

-

-

-

1

-

22

Svyatoslavskaya Battery

-

14

-

-

-

-

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

17

Total

28

123

20

178

19

4

151

15

33

1

2

4

2

1

26

1

2

610

 

 

 

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