Artillery in  the Crimean war, sight from forts of Sevastopol.  I'm ready for exchange the information about artillery in the Crimean War. 

By 1854 Sevastopol being a fortress of the 1st class had the corresponding fortress artillery. The Russian coastal guns had maximum caliber 30-36 pounds (that is 164-173 mm). Such caliber was optimum for fire with solid cast iron cannon balls. The description of coastal batteries and land fortifications in details one can read in the work “The description of the Defence of Sevastopol” by General-Adjutant Totleben, St-Petersburg, 1863. If you can’t find this material yourself I’m ready to help you: E-mail: fort1854@yandex.ru

Here is the table from the page 99.

Ship artillery of the Russian Black Sea Fleet by the beginning of the Crimean war according “Review of the activities of the Naval management in Russia in 1855-1880”, part 2, St. Petersburg, 1880. 

Historical Boulevard (former Forth bastion)From the left hand side:       
 1. The Russian Navel 24-pound cannon .
L – 2750 mm. D - 153 mm. W – 122 pood (near 2000 kg).   Produced in 1799.
Semi spherical button;  the tzar's coat of arms - a double-headed eagle between the first and second reinforced rings; holes in the second reinforced ring for a sight. 
The vent is spiked. There is the Russian 'L' on the left and ''V' (English 'B') on the right of the vent. 
The cascable:  No. 105 and  Russian 'P' .
On the right trunnion (in 4 lines): 24 pound _FREG...(most likely 'frigate' – Y.K.)_122 pood_1799. 
Installed on the former Forth bastion by the 50th anniversary of the Defence.

 2.The Russian Navel 24-pound long cannon 1800 Model.
L – 3720 mm. D – 153 mm. W – 120 pood (near 2000 kg).  Produced in 1824 in the Alexandrovsky Olonetsky plant (now the town of Petrozavodsk).
 A double-headed eagle between the first and second reinforced rings; two holes in the second reinforced ring for a sight; the button has a vertical hole.
On the right trunnion (in 3 lines): 24 pound_120 pood_1824.
On the left trunnion (in 3 lines): No. 19317_ ALKSND ZVD_NACH. FULLON (that is Alexandrovsky plant_principal Fullon).
Installed on the former Forth bastion by the 50th anniversary of the Defence.

3. The Russian Navel 36-pound cannon  1804 Model.
L – 2900 mm. D – 174 mm. W – over 2600 kg.  Produced in 1826 in the Alexandrovsky Olonetsky plant.
Two holes in the second reinforced ring for a sight; the button has a vertical hole.
On the right trunnion (in 3 lines): 36 pound_ 16...pood_1826.
On the left trunnion (in 3 lines):  No. 20448_ ALKSND ZVD_NACH. FULLON. 
Installed on the former Forth bastion by the 50th anniversary of the Defence.
4. The Russian Navel 36-pound long cannon 1833 Model.
L – 3210 mm. D – 174 mm. W – 194 pood (over 3000 kg).  Produced in 1839 in the Alexandrovy Olonetsky plant.
Two holes in the second reinforced ring for a sight; the button has a vertical hole.
Spherical button has  a vertical hole; letters 'ML' or 'MA' on the cascable near the button.
On the right trunnion (in 3 lines): 36 pound_194 pood_1839.
On the left trunnion (in 3 lines):  No. 26427_ ALKSND ZVD_... (principal most likely Armstrong).
Installed on the former Forth bastion by the 50th anniversary of the Defence.

5. The Russian Navel 1 pood Edinorog 1838 Model.
L – 3080 mm. D – 195 mm.W – 191 pood (over 3000kg).  Produced in the Alexandrovsky plant (gunfounder  Armstrong), supposedly, in 1843 or 1853.
Two holes in the second reinforced ring for a sight; a double-headed eagle in the central part; letters 'ML' on the cascable; the button has a horizontal hole.
On the right trunnion (in 4 lines): 1 pood edinorog_191 pood_ 18...3.
On the left trunnion (in 3 lines): No. ….4_ALKSND ZVD_... (principal most likely Armstrong). 
Installed on the former Forth bastion by the 50th anniversary of the Defence.

 6. The British Navel 36-pound long cannon    
L – 3210 mm. D – 180 mm.W – over 1200 kg.  Produced in 1785 in Carron.  
There is an anchor on  the breech, No.17 - on the cascable, holes  for a sight – on the reinforce ring.
On the right trunnion: 36 pound .
On the left trunnion (in 3 lines): No. 45548_CARRON_ 1785.
Installed on the former Forth bastion by the 50th anniversary of the Defence.

7.The Russian Fort 1-pood EDINOROG (3145kg).
L - 3510 mm. D – 120 mm. W – 192 pood. Produced in the Alexandrovsky Olonetsky plant in 1831.
The letter 'A' on the cascable, the double-headed eagle emblem in the middle part of the piece.
On the right trunnion: ..._192 pood_1831.
On the left trunnion: No. ..._ALKSND ZVD_...
Installed on the former Forth bastion by the 50th anniversary of the Defence.
 

Two 1-pood iron edinorogs №1 and №2 in the rear of the Panorama Museum have the same diamensions:
L – 2800mm, D - 195 mm. W – over 3000 kg. Both produced in  the Kamensky plant in the 1830s.
There is an inscription between the two reinforce rings: KAMENSKY PLANT and the years of production: 1838 on one piece and 183_ (the last figure is not clear) on the other. 
The first edinorog has letters CA (land artillery) on the cascable. The Order on Artillery from 10.10.1866 testifies that such marking was used later for rifled breech-loaded guns.
On the right trunnion of the first piece (in 2 lines): UPRRV  ZVD BARROTZI DE EL'S  (that is MANAGER BARROTZI DE EL'S) No 1 and No 2..
On the left trunnion (in 2 lines): No. 1208_184pood No 1 and No 2.
Both pieces were founded during earthworks on the territory of the former coastal battery No. 8 in 1971. In 1978 they were installed on the Hrustalny cape at the Obelisk of Glory, afterwards – on the Historical Boulevard. 
 
The Malackhov Hill, The Senyavin's battery (from the left).

1. The Russian Navel 36-pound cannon  1848 Model.
L – 2840 mm.  W – 168,5 pood (over 2750 kg). D– 173 mm.
Produced in 1848 in the Alexandrovsky plant.
Two holes on the cascable for a sight. Composed button.
On the right trunnion (in 3 lines): 36 pound_168 1/2 pood_1848.
On the left trunnion (in 3 lines): No. 30328_ALKSND ZVD_NACH. BUTENEV.
Found in 1956 during earth works on the Malakhov Hill on the cite of the battery No. 17.

2-3. The two identical Russian iron fort 24-pounders (The Russian Navel 24-pound cannon and The Russian Navel 24-pound cannon

L – 3230 mm.  W – 217 pood (over 3500 kg). D – 153 mm.
Produced  in 1800 in the Kamensky plant (Ekaterinburg).
The button has a vertical hole.
The inscription on the second reinforce reads in 3 lines: EKATERINBURGSKY (KAMENNY) ZAVOD_1800.
On the right trunnion: 217 pood.
On the left trunnion of the first gun numbering from the left: No. 160
Till 1958 the pieces were used for mooring at the Maritime plant.

4. The Russian Navel 24-pound cannon .
L – 3100 mm.  W – over 3500 kg. D – 153 mm.
No marks and inscriptions, the trunnions and button destroyed.
Till 1958 the pieces were used for mooring at the Maritime plant.

5.The Sweeden 60-pound  cannon   1857 Mayevsky's  Model.
One of 250 guns ordered by the Russian Artillery Department to the Swiss plant STAFSJO in Nicheng; 250 guns more were ordered to the Swiss plant in Finspong. Produced in 1859.
L – 3440 mm.  W – 385 pood (over 6000 kg). D – 195 mm.
Cylindrical bore has a semi spherical bottom.
The right trunnion (in 2 lines): 1859_385pood  33 f (probably from Russian 'funt' that is 'pound ' .
On the left trunnion (in 2 lines): No. 216_ STAFSIO- ? On the 1958 the pieces were used for mooring at the Maritime plant.

6. The Russian Navel 3-pood bomb cannon  1849/57 Model.
L – 3660 mm.  W – 390 pood (near 6400 kg). D – 273 mm.
Produced  in the 1860s.
On the right trunnion: 186...(the last figure is not clear)_39...(not clear) pood.
On the left trunnion: 2699_VERHNE TH/FINSKY
Till 1958 the pieces were used for mooring at the Maritime plant.

The Malackhov Hill. The Antistorm battery (to the left from the White Tower). 

 №1 The Russian Navel 36-pound cannon 1804 Model (Russia). 
L – 2860 mm mm.  W – 390 pood (near 3000 kg). D – 173 mm.
Produced in the 1808 by the Kamensky or Lugansky plant. 
A double-headed eagle in the middle part of the barrel.
A fore-sight on the muzzle astragal.
On the left trunnion: 1808.
Till 1958 the pieces were used for mooring at the Maritime plant. 

№ 2  The Russian Navel 1 pood Edinorog 1838 Model (Russia). 
L – 3100. W – near 3000 kg. D – 195 mm.
Produced in 1808.
Flattened semi spherical button.
On the right trunnion: EDINOROG
Till 1958 the pieces were used for mooring at the Maritime plant. 

№
3 The Russian Navel 36-pound cannon   1804 Model (Russia).
L – 2860 mm. W – near 3000 kg. D – 173 mm.
Produced in 1807 by the Lugansk plant. 
On the right trunnion in 3 lines: 36 pound No.753_W 180p_1807.
On the left trunnion in 3 lines: LUGANSK_ZAVOD_NACH NILUS.
Till 1958 the pieces were used for mooring at the Maritime plant. 

4 -5.  Two identical iron 24-poundes. (Britain) (№ 1 and № 2 ).

Inscriptions: L – 3060 mm. D -150 mm.
Produced in England in the late 1800s-early 1900s. In 1784-86 Russia bought 527 pieces; these may have been two of them. 
The barrels bear the emblem of George III topped by the crown.  There is a mark on the breech (Cypher-Georg-III). 
Semi spherical button.Trunnions are destroyed.
Till 1958 the pieces were used for mooring at the Maritime plant. 

The Malackhov Hill. In the defense tower.  

Besides, in the White Tower there are two French 24-pound cannons D 140 mm,(№
1 and №2.)and a Russian 24-pound carronade).

The entrance to the Museum is flanked with 2 iron 24-pound carronades,  №1     (Cypher) and   №2

The same cannons were set on the legendary Mercury brig which feat-of arms has been perpetuated in the monument on Matrossky (Sailors') Boulevard in the city centre behind the Memorial complex with the eternal fire dedicated to the 1941-42 Defence of Sevastopol.

At the Gate to the Rear Courtyard of the Black Sea Fleet Museum

On the left hand side: the secret howitzer Shuvalov of the 1753 Model. In Russia there were produced 70 pieces during 1753-62. Calibre 120x235 mm. On the left trunnion: 9V OIV; on the left in 2 lines: Russian 'P' 33/33.The piece has an ellipse-shaped bore widening to the muzzle, fired canister-shot. After shooting the bore was covered. The revealing of the bore secret was punished by death (

№1.On the fight hand side: 24-pound brass howitzer,

calibre – 140 mm. L with/without the button - 1530/1430 mm. Distance muzzle-trunnion axis 820 mm, axis length 500 mm. W-1430 pounds.The piece has typical for that period details: MGO's emblem, King's (Queen's) emblem, the mark of the British Army property.The MGO's emblem is the Master General's highest award; in our case Garter's Order. Its motto Y PEN SE HON SOUT QUI_MAL, in old French (EVIL IS WITH THAT WHO THINKS ABOUT IT) can be read on the chase. Most likely, it's the order of Henry William Paget, the First Marquess of Anglesey, , who occupied the post of MGO in 1827-28 and 1846-52. His predecessor Sir George Murrey (MGO in 1834-35 and 1841-46) was awarded military sign Order of Bath but Garter's Order. On the breech: Queen Victoria's emblem and inscription   DIPU ETMON DROIT (BY GOD AND MY RIGHT).On the cascable: WOOLWICH 18_0 (1850?); Roman figures CVI (means 106); and figures 12-3-2 correspondingly 1430 pounds. According to Bill Curtis opinion it's a naval Millar's cannon of later modification which is characterized by absence of the 1 reinforce ring. A few words about MGO in the Crimean War period. He was in charge of all British ordnance, engineering troops, commissariat, and so on. He was not in the direct subordination of the Commander-in-Chief. After the war the MGO's power was essentially cut down. However, this post has been preserved in Britain so far (according to Russian sources).

 

In the Rear Courtyard at the Wall

The brass 12-pound field  Russian 12-pount cannon,1Russian cannon calibre 120 mm. Produced in 1817 in Bryansk Arsenal. L with/without button 1590/1480 mm, distance muzzle-trunnion axis - 850 mm, trunnion axis length 380 mm.On the left trunnion: SSS 14.On the right trunnion in 2 lines: Russian 'P' 4 OY / 28 Ir.On the cascable: 1817_ Bryansk

№3. The brass Turkish  4.5 - pount  cannon calibre 84 mm. L with/without button 1650/1450 mm. Distance muzzle-trunnion axis 840 mm. Trunnion axis length 380 mm. Bears the emblem (tugra)  TOUCHRA    of the Ottoman Porte's governor Mahmud II with the Muslim date 1238 (1822 by the European calendar).   

№ 4.  The brass field Prussian cannon calibre 86 mm. L with/without button 1660/1560 mm. Distance muzzle-trunnion axis 860 mm. Trunnion axis length 375 mm. On the cascable: upper - an emblem with inscription  PROC L ORIAET PARTA   (FOR GLORY AND COUNTRY), below – another emblem with words -ULTIMARATIO REGIS (THE KING'S LAST ARGUMENT).On the cascable: Bpu FSL 1802 N 065.On the left trunnion: 18 H. On the right trunnion in 3 lines: WS__/ 6 H like Russian 'G' /BRESI.

No5. Brass 3- pound mountain edinirog of old construction, calibre 85 mm. L with/without button 1520/1460 mm. Distance muzzle-trunnion axis 845 mm. Trunnion axis length 375 mm. On the cascable: 19 Russian 'P' 3 XVIIII XXXV

No 6.  The small iron  the Russian cannon, calibre 61 mm. L with/without button 810/720 mm. Distance muzzle-trunnion axis 500 mm. Trunnion axis length 220 mm. No marks and inscriptions.

 No 7. The brass 6-pound field British cannon  calibre 92 mm. L with/without button 1640/1530 mm. Distance muzzle-trunnion axis 850 mm. Trunnion axis length 365 mm. On the chase: the MGO's emblem. I think this MGO is Fitzroy James Henry Somerset , the 1st Baron Raglan, MGO in 1852-55. His highest award – the Order of Bath; inscription  TRIA JUNCTA IN UNO . (Three Joined In One).

 On the breech: Queen Victoria's emblem, inscription DIPU ETMON DROIT.   On the cascable: ETMON PROIT S. ECCLES 1852. This is Samuel Eccles's mark, the royal gunfounder. The marking MCMXLV means 1945, W 5-3-20, the British Army property marking as well.   

No 8. The brass field Russian   6- pound field Russian cannon of 'new design' calibre 91 mm. L without button 1530 mm. Distance muzzle-trunnion axis 810 mm. Trunnion axis length 360 mm No marks and inscriptions. No cascable. The piece has a chamber. The piece was tried to be breech-loaded.

No 9.  The brass 6-pound field cannon calibre 90 mm. L with/without button 1550/1540 mm. Distance muzzle-trunnion axis 770 mm. Trunnion axis length 380 mm .On the 1st reinforce: Proved FORT WILLIAM 9TH MAY 1806. T. ANBUREY fecit Ft WILLIAM.

On the base ring: VI P-r No C_C_III. On the button: No. 308. The vent is spiked. No mark of the British Army property.

No10.   The brass  4.5 - pound field Turkish cannon calibre 85 mm. L with/without button 1620/1450 mm. Distance muzzle-trunnion axis 825 mm. Trunnion axis length 360 mm. On the cascable: the emblem (TOUCHRA) of the Ottoman Porte's governor Mahmud II and figures, the date is not clear: 1228, 1229, 1238 or 1239. In the European calculation: 1813, 1814, 1822 or 1823.

   Opposite rte Rear Wall of tre Museum

  Iron   36-pound  sea service Russian smoothbore, altered as 48-pounder. D 195 mm, W 142 poods 23 pounds (2286 kg). Produced by the Alexandrovsky plant in 1841. On the right trunnion in 4 lines: 36H/gun-carronade/ ves142 1/2 18-II Russian 'G' I.On the left trunnion in 3 lines: No 27,605/ № 27,605.Alexand. Zvd/ nach Armstrong  

 Iron 30-pound  sea service British cannon, D-165 mm. Produced in 1845. On the right trunnion:  ,1845. LOOW MOOR.  

On the left trunnion: 2860. On the second reinforce: emblem, On the cascable: 1845, 30-3-14, the mark of the British Army property.

 Brass 18-pound  sea service Russian cannon, W- 116 poods 21 pounds. Produced in 1798г.,bronse. On the right trunnion: 116. 21.On the left trunnion in 2 lines: 1798 goda (year in Russian) of ship - Calibre.     

  Iron  1 pood  Russian EDINOROG 1805 Model, D- 195 mm, W-1564 kg.

 Iron smooth-bore 24-pound  sea  service gun-carronade D-150 mm,W-1398 kg. Produced in 1849 by the Alexandrovsky plant. On the right trunnion in 4 lines: 24H /gun-carronade/ ves 97 poods 16 pounds / 1849, On the left trunnion in 3 lines: of carronada(of ship)   N 30860/ALEXAND ZVD/ NACH BUTENEV. On the breech: double-headed eagle emblem and letters MA below (Naval Artillery).

  Iron 5-pood fort mortal, D-330mm, W 134 poods 24 pounds, . Produced in 1812 by the Kamensky plant.

On the piece in 3 lines: KAMEN__ ZVD/1812/CA (land service artillery)  

Inside the Museum

Inside the Musem there  two cannons

worth seeing. They are brass field 6-pounders produced by the Bengal East Indian Company (Fort William at Calcutta) in 1806. The upper piece: L 1360/1210mm (with/without button), L between trunnions 310 mm, D 75 mm. On the button: No. 323.  There is the mark: 3-2-22 and No. starting 3 (23-?) The lower piece: L=1512/1410mm (with/without button), L between trunnions 390 mm, D 96 mm. Both had inscriptions on the rings: No 1 - T.ANBUREY FORT WILLAM and No   T.ANBUREY FORT WILLIAM Proved D.D 30th Dec.1806. gun No1 and 17 Dec.1806 gun No 2.

No marks of the British Army property.The pieces are really nice and rich in decoration.. There is a horse's head on the chase; a flag with the Lion and Sun between the muzzle moulding and muzzle astragal; and the Lion and Sun motif – between the first reinforce ring and first reinforce astragal.

In the middle part between the trunnions there is a long spiral Oriental 1- inscription in Farsi  (second gun).  Professor V. Nastich (Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Science) managed to read these flourishes glorifying Fath-Ali shah Qajar.

The Sultan, Sultan's son, of Sultan's son

and the Hakan, Hakan's son, of Hakan's son

Hero of the sea and land, Allah's shadow on the Earth, Shah-an-Shah ….(unclear),

Stronghold of the Most High, valiant winner Fath-Ali Shah Qajar

May Allah perpetuate His power and spread all over the world His grace and good!

• (Hakan in Turkish means the King: Shah-an-Shah – the Tsar of all Tsars).

There is one more inscription in Farsi above the base ring which is not clear.

On the breech Professor Nastich managed to define the year of the Muslim calendar 1221 ('ours' 1806). (There is one more piece with the same inscriptions and emblems cited in one of the Black Sea Fleet establishments which is not available for visitors. The mark on the cascable: 3-3-11 and No. starting 323.

These cannons might have been presented to Fath-Ali in the early 1800s when Britain signed a military agreement with Persia and helped the Shah with military experts and ordnance. Most likely they were captured in 1812 in the battle at Aslanduz when the Russian Army under General Cotlyarevsky defeated the Persian Army under Abbas Mirza, son and heir of Fath-Ali. Gen. Giuseppe Uzzo Ex-Director of the National Artillery Museum in Turin holds the same idea.

Vasily Potto (Russian General and historian) writes: 'The Aslanduz victory gave in the hands of Russians eleven English casting cannons with the inscription: 'From the King of Kings – to the Shah of Shahs'.(To Krestianikov Valery, the Head of Sevastopol Archives).

Peter Hopkirk also mentions about 'a dozen of fourteen invaluable Lindsay's guns captured by Cotlyarevsky which were claimed by the Russians as bearing the inscription: 'To the Shah of Shahs from the King of Kings' (Peter Hopkirk The Great Game: the Struggle for Empire in Central Asia, 1990). It's worth saying that at that time Russia and Britain were allies against Napoleon. That's why British experts in the Persian Army were ordered in case of combat actions to leave immediately their formations to avoid any political confrontation with Russia. However, the storm of the Cotlyarevsky's Army was so violent that the two British experts Lieutenant Lindsay (artillery) and Captain Cristy (infantry) preferred to ignore the command in order not to look like cowards taking their heels from the battlefield. All the day long they desperately tried to gather Persians and repelled Russian attacks. Captain Cristy was killed in this fight. Lieutenant Lindsay survived, later was promoted Major-General.

 А 68- pound mortal,1727,Calibre -210mm,  A carronada and mortal . 

 A 6-  pound cannon(the ship)

A  3- pound cannon in 17 senture

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